MULTIPLEX NETWORKS

Two interdependent network layers. Failure cascades across layers: a node fails in A if its counterpart fails in B.

Nodes N30 Edge prob p0.15 Coupling q0.8 Cascade speed1 Reset network Fail random 20% Trigger cascade

Buldyrev et al. (2010 Nature): interdependence lowers robustness — abrupt collapse vs gradual single-layer