Parameters
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Dirac quantization:
eg = nℏc/2
e·g = n/2 (natural units)
Dirac string:
A string of flux connects monopole to infinity — unobservable if Dirac condition holds.
Dyon:
Particle with both e and g. Witten effect: θ-vacuum shifts q → q + θg/2π.
't Hooft-Polyakov:
Topological soliton in SO(3) gauge theory — smooth, finite energy.
eg = nℏc/2
e·g = n/2 (natural units)
Dirac string:
A string of flux connects monopole to infinity — unobservable if Dirac condition holds.
Dyon:
Particle with both e and g. Witten effect: θ-vacuum shifts q → q + θg/2π.
't Hooft-Polyakov:
Topological soliton in SO(3) gauge theory — smooth, finite energy.