Wind-driven turbulence mixes the surface layer and entrains cold deep water
MLD: 10 m | SST: 20.0°C | Ri: —
Surface winds generate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) that deepens the mixed layer by entraining cooler, denser water from below the thermocline. The Kraus-Turner bulk model balances TKE input against the potential energy cost of mixing: dh/dt = (2m₀u*³ - B₀h) / (Δb·h), where u* is the friction velocity and Δb is the buoyancy jump.