Minimal Surfaces — Soap Film

Soap films minimize area — the mean curvature H = (κ₁ + κ₂)/2 = 0 at every interior point. Simulated via mean curvature flow: ∂X/∂t = H·N. The 3D view renders the final minimal surface (Plateau's problem solution). Classic examples: catenoid, helicoid, Enneper surface.