Magnetic Reconnection & Current Sheet Instability

Magnetic reconnection occurs when oppositely directed field lines break and reconnect at an X-point, releasing magnetic energy as plasma jets and heating. The Sweet-Parker model predicts slow reconnection rate S^(-1/2) (S=Lundquist number), while Petschek's model allows much faster reconnection. The tearing mode instability governs the onset of reconnection in current sheets.

Reconnection rates:
Lundquist S = V_A·L/η
Sweet-Parker: MA = S−1/2
Petschek: MA ≈ π/(8 ln S)

S =
SP rate =
Petschek rate =

Tearing mode:
Grows as: γ ∝ S−3/5
X-points form at wavelength
λ ≈ δ·S3/8