Lyapunov Spectrum

Lyapunov exponent vs parameter alongside the bifurcation diagram

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r:
λ:
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About

Lyapunov exponent λ = lim (1/n)Σ ln|f'(xᵢ)|. λ<0: stable periodic, λ=0: bifurcation point, λ>0: chaos. For logistic map at r=4: λ=ln2≈0.693. Period-doubling bifurcations occur at Feigenbaum's universal sequence with ratio δ≈4.669.