Frustrated Kuramoto Oscillators

Three Kuramoto oscillators on a triangle with antiferromagnetic coupling (K<0) — they cannot all align. This geometric frustration prevents a synchronized steady state; the system instead drifts in a limit cycle or wanders chaotically. Watch the order parameter R = |⟨e^{iθ}⟩| fluctuate.

Coupling K -1.5
N oscillators 3
Freq spread 0.5
Speed 1
R = —