Kondo Effect — Magnetic Impurity & Singlet Formation

Spin-flip scattering, resistivity minimum, and singlet formation below the Kondo temperature T_K

Parameters

Kondo temperature:
T_K = D·exp(-1/(J·ρ·S))

Resistivity:
ρ(T) = ρ₀[1 - J·ρ·ln(T/T_K)] + phonons
Minimum at T_min ~ T_K.

Below T_K: conduction electrons screen impurity spin → singlet cloud of radius ξ_K ∝ v_F/T_K