Kolmogorov Cascade

In turbulent flow, energy is injected at large scales (the integral scale L) and cascades down through a hierarchy of eddies to the Kolmogorov microscale η, where viscosity dissipates it as heat. Kolmogorov's 1941 theory predicts an inertial subrange where the energy spectrum follows E(k) ~ k^-5/3. The Reynolds number Re = uL/ν controls how wide this inertial range extends.