Kapitza Pendulum

Inverted pendulum stabilized by rapid vertical oscillation

Oscillation

Pendulum

Kapitza pendulum:
Pivot oscillates: y_p = a·cos(ωt)

EOM: θ̈ = [g − aω²cos(ωt)]sin(θ)/L − βθ̇

Stability condition (Kapitza 1951):
aω/√(2gL) > 1
i.e., ε = a²ω²/(2gL) > 1

Effective potential:
U_eff = −(mgL)cos(θ) + (ma²ω²/4L)sin²(θ)

Inverted position stable when ε > 1.
ε = a²ω²/(2gL):
Stability:
θ (deg):
θ̇ (rad/s):