Josephson Junction — Andreev Bound State Spectrum

ABS energy vs superconducting phase difference · supercurrent transport
E₊(φ) positive branch
E₋(φ) negative branch
Supercurrent I(φ)
0.70
1.00
0.00
π/2
Andreev bound states form inside a short Josephson junction when quasiparticles reflect off both interfaces. E±(φ) = ±Δ√(1 − τ sin²(φ/2)). The supercurrent is I(φ) = (eΔ/2ℏ) · τ sin(φ) / √(1−τsin²(φ/2)). At τ=1 (ideal junction): ABS touches zero at φ=π (fermion parity crossing). White dot marks current operating point.