2D Ising model — watch the ferromagnetic phase transition at T_c ≈ 2.269
The 2D Ising model (Lenz 1920, Ising 1925, Onsager exact solution 1944) models ferromagnetism. Spins align at low T (ordered); disorder wins at high T. Critical temperature T_c = 2J/k_B ln(1+√2) ≈ 2.269 — a second-order phase transition.