Inclusive Fitness

Total effect on reproduction weighted by genetic relatedness

Inclusive fitness (Hamilton 1964) = direct fitness + Σᵢ rᵢ·bᵢ, where rᵢ is relatedness to recipient i and bᵢ is benefit bestowed. Unlike kin selection framing, inclusive fitness is a property of an individual's genotype across all interactions. Direct fitness: own reproduction. Indirect fitness: copies of your genes in relatives, weighted by r. Together they fully account for all natural selection at a locus.