Ice Shelf Calving — Fracture Mechanics

Linear elastic fracture mechanics: K_I = σ√(πa)·F(a/H). Calving occurs when K_I ≥ K_IC (mode-I fracture toughness ≈ 0.1–0.4 MPa√m for ice). Buoyancy reduces effective stress at depth: σ_eff(z) = σ - ρ_ice·g·z + ρ_water·g·max(0,z-h_w). Click canvas to add a surface crevasse. Drag to extend. Colors show σ_xx stress distribution (red=tension, blue=compression).