Poincaré Disk: Hyperbolic Geometry

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Poincaré disk: Open unit disk with metric ds² = 4(dx²+dy²)/(1−r²)².

Geodesics: circular arcs perpendicular to the boundary circle.

Curvature: K = −1. Angle sum of triangle < π. Sum decreases with area: π − (α+β+γ) = Area.

Poincaré's theorem: {p,q} tiling exists in H² iff 1/p + 1/q < 1/2 (more than Euclidean allows).