Hodgkin-Huxley Bursting Neuron

Tonic firing → bursting → quiescence with slow Ca²⁺ current

Extended Hodgkin-Huxley model with a slow Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ current produces bursting. The fast Na⁺/K⁺ dynamics generate spikes; Ca²⁺ accumulates during bursts and activates a slow K⁺ current I_KCa that terminates the burst. Recovery of Ca²⁺ then allows the next burst to begin — square-wave bursting (Hindmarsh-Rose style).