Heat Equation & Fourier Decomposition

∂T/∂t = α ∇²T · diffusion from hot to cold · Draw on 1D bar

PARAMETERS

INITIAL CONDITIONS (1D)

2D HEAT MAP

Fourier's Law:
∂T/∂t = α ∂²T/∂x²
Solution: each mode decays as
T_n(t) = b_n · e^(−α(nπ/L)²t) sin(nπx/L)
High-frequency modes decay fastest (smooth out quickly). Low modes persist longest — this is why long-term temperature distributions are smooth.