HAWKING RADIATION

Virtual pair creation near horizon · T = ℏc³/8πGMk · evaporation timescale · blackbody spectrum
Hawking Temperature

T = ℏc³ / (8πGMk)

T_H ≈ -
r_s ≈ -

Evaporation time:
τ = 5120π G²M³ / (ℏc⁴)
τ ≈ -

Pairs form from vacuum
fluctuations at horizon.
Negative energy partner
falls in; positive partner
escapes as radiation.

Black hole loses mass:
dM/dt = -ℏc⁴/(15360πG²M²)