Hawk-Dove Game

Mixed-strategy ESS from conflict over resources with injury costs

ESS Hawk frequency: —  |  Payoff matrix loading...
Payoffs: H vs H: (Vāˆ’C)/2 (equal chance of winning/injury) | H vs D: V (Hawk takes all) | D vs H: 0 (Dove retreats) | D vs D: V/2 (share equally). When V < C, pure Hawk is not ESS — mixed equilibrium p* = V/C emerges. When V > C, Hawk is always better: pure Hawk ESS. This classic Maynard Smith (1973) model explains ritualized animal contests.