Integer Quantum Hall Effect

σ_xy = n·e²/h — Landau levels, disorder, and topological protection

Parameters

Filling ν = nh/(eB):
Plateau n:
σ_xy (e²/h):
ρ_xy (h/e²):
Landau gap ħω_c (meV):
Landau level energy: E_n = ħω_c(n+½)
ω_c = eB/m* — cyclotron frequency

Plateau quantization comes from
Chern number C=1 per filled level.

TKNN formula (1982): σ_xy = (e²/h)·Σ Cₙ

Edge states are topologically protected — disorder cannot scatter between opposite edges.