Hadley Cell Circulation
Equatorial convection drives subtropical subsidence, setting the trade winds and desert belts
The Hadley cell extends to the latitude where angular momentum conservation and the Coriolis force balance
(Held-Hou model, 1980). Cell width ∝ Ω⁻¹ — slow rotation → wide cells.
The descending branch creates subtropical deserts (Sahara, Arabian, Australian) at ~30°.
ITCZ migrates seasonally following maximum solar heating.