Ginzburg-Landau Vortex Dynamics
Complex order parameter ψ(x,t) — superconductor vortex nucleation
∂ₜψ = ψ(1 − |ψ|²) + ε²∇²ψ
Click canvas to nucleate a vortex. Colors show phase angle of ψ — vortices appear as phase singularities (winding number ±1). The GL free energy F = ∫[|∇ψ|² + (1-|ψ|²)²/2] is minimized as vortices annihilate.