Abrikosov vortices in a Type-II superconductor. Each vortex carries one flux quantum Φ₀ = h/2e. Vortices repel each other and form a triangular Abrikosov lattice at equilibrium.
The GL free energy functional: F = ∫[α|ψ|² + β/2|ψ|⁴ + |(∇−2ieA/ℏ)ψ|²/(2m) + (∇×A)²/2μ₀] dV. Each quantized vortex has a normal core (ψ≈0) surrounded by screening currents. The Abrikosov lattice minimizes repulsive vortex-vortex interaction with uniform flux density.