The two-state promoter model (telegraph process) captures transcriptional bursting: the gene randomly switches ON/OFF, producing bursty mRNA and protein distributions far from Poisson.
ON rate (k_on)0.30
OFF rate (k_off)0.50
Transcription rate (k_tx)3.0
Degradation rate (δ)0.50
Gene: OFF ⇌(k_on/k_off) ON
ON → mRNA (rate k_tx)
mRNA → ∅ (rate δ)