Random fuse network: fracture via progressive bond failure
The random fuse model of fracture: a resistor network with random threshold strengths. Under applied voltage (top-to-bottom), current concentrates at crack tips. Bonds with current exceeding their threshold break irreversibly — stress redistribution causes avalanche-like crack propagation. Near the percolation threshold, fracture exhibits self-similar (fractal) crack patterns and power-law avalanche size distributions.