Fluid-Solid Interaction — Flapping Flag & Vortex Shedding

A flexible flag clamped at its leading edge undergoes flutter instability in uniform flow above a critical flow speed. The flag couples to shed vortices via the Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism; periodically alternating vortices form a von Kármán vortex street. The flapping frequency and mode shape depend on the mass ratio and bending rigidity (the Cauchy number).

2.00
0.40
1.00
0.04
Strouhal number St
Flapping amplitude
Vortices shed
0