Flowering plants diversified explosively ~130 Mya — Darwin's "abominable mystery." Tight coevolution with pollinators drove rapid speciation.
Petal color, shape, UV patterns, and nectar rewards are precisely tuned to specific pollinators — bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, moths.
Mutualistic webs show nested structure — generalist species form core, specialists nest within. Robustness depends on this topology.