Flocking & Topology

Vicsek model: each particle aligns with neighbors within radius r. At low noise, collective order emerges. Topological defects (vortices, sinks) appear in the velocity field.

Order parameter φ: 0.00
Defects (+1): 0
Defects (−1): 0
Particles: 300
+1 defect (source)
−1 defect (sink)