Points placed at golden angle increments (≈137.508°) along an area-parameterized latitude achieve near-optimal uniform coverage of the sphere — no clustering, no gaps. Nature uses this in sunflower seeds and phyllotaxis.
Point k of N: θ = 2π·k·φ⁻¹ (golden angle), z = 1 − 2k/N, r = √(1−z²). The golden ratio φ=(1+√5)/2 is the "most irrational" number — its continued fraction [1;1,1,1,...] converges slowest, maximizing angular spread at every step.