EM Algorithm — Gaussian Mixture Model

Iterative E-step (soft assignments) + M-step (parameter update)

Controls

Iteration:0
Log-likelihood:
E-step: Compute soft assignments γ(z_nk) — how much each point "belongs" to each Gaussian.

M-step: Update μₖ, σₖ, πₖ to maximize expected log-likelihood.

Converges to local maximum of p(X|θ).