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Ergodic Billiard Trajectories

Integrable vs chaotic billiards — Poincaré sections reveal KAM tori vs chaotic sea

Billiard Domain

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Circle billiard: integrable. Angular momentum conserved. Trajectory forms a chord pattern — never fills phase space chaotically.

Poincaré Section (x, v_x at y=0)

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Integrable: KAM tori → points trace smooth curves (invariant tori). Chaotic: points scatter ergodically (BGS conjecture). Click to add trajectory at clicked position.