ELECTROWETTING

Young-Lippmann Equation — Voltage-Controlled Droplet Spreading

cos θ = cos θ₀ + εV² / (2γd) [Young-Lippmann]

Applied Voltage (V) 0 V

θ₀ — Intrinsic Contact Angle (°) 110°

Dielectric Thickness (μm) 2.0 μm

110Contact Angle θ (°)

1.00Spread Factor

0Voltage (V)

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD): applying voltage between a conductive droplet and an electrode coated with a thin insulator reduces the contact angle. Used in digital microfluidics, electronic paper displays (e-ink), adaptive lenses, and lab-on-chip devices.