Elastic Rod — Euler Buckling

Kirchhoff rod: θ''(s) + (P/EI)sin θ = 0 — exact elastica post-buckled shapes

Rod Configuration (Elastica)

Bifurcation Diagram P vs Deflection

Parameters

P_cr (mode 1): EI/L²
P/P_cr:
Max deflection: L
End shortening: L
Mode:
Euler loads: P_n = n²π²EI/L² (pinned-pinned)
Post-buckled shape is an elastica — solution via elliptic integrals K(k).
At P=P_cr: δ ~ √(P−P_cr) — supercritical pitchfork bifurcation.