Pseudospectrum of Non-Normal Matrices — Grcar Matrix

The ε-pseudospectrum Λ_ε(A) = {z : σ_min(zI−A) ≤ ε}. For non-normal matrices like the Grcar matrix, pseudospectra extend far beyond eigenvalues, revealing transient growth and numerical instability.

Matrix size N = 8 | log₁₀ε levels shown | Re(λ) ∈ [—, —]

N (size): 8 Matrix type: ε_max: 10^0