Levins Metapopulation
Patch Occupancy Dynamics · Rescue Effect · Extinction-Colonization Balance
Colonization rate c
0.40
Extinction rate e
0.10
Habitat destruction D
0.00
Rescue effect ρ
0.00
Number of patches N
80
Reset
Add Disturbance
dp/dt = cp(1-D-p) − ep (basic Levins)
p* = 1 − D − e/c (equilibrium)
Threshold: c > e/(1-D) for persistence
Rescue: e_eff = e(1-ρp) reduces extinction