Allee Effect & Extinction Dynamics

The Allee effect creates a critical population threshold: below it, per-capita growth is negative and extinction is inevitable. Stochastic simulations show how demographic noise interacts with bistability between extinction and carrying capacity.

Carrying cap K 150
Allee threshold A 30
Growth rate r 0.40
Noise σ 0.10
Populations 4
Extinct: 0/4 | Time: 0