Omori-Utsu Aftershock Law

ETAS model: branching aftershock sequence following n(t) = K/(t+c)^p

The Omori-Utsu law n(t) = K/(t+c)^p describes how aftershock rate decays after a mainshock. The ETAS (Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence) model adds branching: each aftershock can itself trigger further aftershocks with productivity ∝ 10^(α·m). Magnitude distribution follows Gutenberg-Richter: log₁₀N(≥m) = a − bm with b≈1. The log-log rate plot reveals the Omori power law slope −p.