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Drude Model

Classical electron transport — conductivity and frequency response

Parameters

Outputs

Drift v (arb.)
σ (arb.)
Mean free path
ωₚτ

Science

Drude (1900): electrons scatter off ion cores with mean free time τ. Equation of motion:

m·dv/dt = −eE − mv/τ

DC conductivity (steady state v̇=0):

σ₀ = ne²τ/m

AC conductivity (optical response):

σ(ω) = σ₀/(1−iωτ)

Plasma frequency ωₚ²=ne²/mε₀. For ω>ωₚ, metals become transparent. Below ωₚ, light is reflected — that's why metals are shiny.