Quantum Diode I–V Curve

Shockley equation with quantum tunneling correction — forward/reverse bias, temperature dependence, differential resistance.

Parameters

Display

I = I₀(e^(qV/nkT) − 1)
+ I_tunnel(V)
+ V/Rs (series R)

Tunneling current: I_tun ∝ V·exp(−φ_B/eV)
dominates at large reverse bias (Zener-like).

Differential resistance: R_d = dV/dI
→ zero in forward conduction, large in reverse.