Phase-Field Model — Dendritic Crystal Solidification

Undercooling Δ: 0.50
Anisotropy ε: 0.05
Speed: 3x
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Phase-field model of solidification: the order parameter φ∈[0,1] evolves via the Allen-Cahn equation with anisotropic surface energy. Crystallographic anisotropy ε controls the number and sharpness of dendritic arms; undercooling Δ drives growth speed.