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Plaintext
Ciphertext
Crack mode: You have ciphertext encrypted with an unknown key. Use frequency analysis and the tools below to break it.
Ciphertext (to crack)
Your attempt (adjust key above, result appears here)
Plaintext frequency
Ciphertext frequency

Caesar cipher

The oldest known cipher. Each letter is shifted by a fixed number of positions in the alphabet. With only 25 possible keys, it falls to brute force in seconds. Julius Caesar used a shift of 3.

Vigenère cipher

A polyalphabetic cipher using a keyword. Each letter of the key determines the shift for the corresponding letter of plaintext. For centuries it was called "le chiffre indéchiffrable" — until Babbage and Kasiski cracked it by finding repeated patterns.

Substitution cipher

Every letter maps to a different letter via a random permutation. 26! possible keys (about 4 × 10²&sup6;) make brute force impossible, but frequency analysis — invented by Al-Kindi in 9th-century Baghdad — defeats it easily.

Rail fence cipher

A transposition cipher. The plaintext is written in a zigzag across a number of "rails," then read off row by row. The letters are the same — only their order changes. Frequency analysis is useless here; pattern analysis is needed instead.