CML: xt+1(i) = (1−ε)f(xt(i)) + ε/2[f(xt(i−1)) + f(xt(i+1))], where f(x) = 1 − ax². Spatiotemporal chaos, traveling waves, and synchronization transitions all emerge from coupling ε.
Time step: 0 | Mean field: — | Spatiotemporal chaos → synchronized clusters as ε increases