Counterpoint

Physics: Fux's 5 species (1725): 1st=note-against-note, 2nd=two notes per CF note, 3rd=four notes, 4th=suspensions, 5th=florid. Consonances: P1, P5, P8, M3, m3, M6, m6. Dissonances (2nds, 4ths, 7ths) must be prepared and resolved. Suspension: hold a consonance while lower voice moves to create dissonance (7-6 or 4-3), then resolve by step downward on weak beat. Palestrina style (~1560): perfect consonances on strong beats, dissonances only as unaccented passing tones. Imitation = same melody offset in time — the basis of canon and fugue.