Cosmic String Topological Defect
String tension Gμ
0.15
Light ray offset
0.5
View:
Conical spacetime
Gravitational lensing
Higgs field winding
Animate String
Metric (z-axis string):
ds² = −dt² + dr²
+ (1−4Gμ)²r²dφ² + dz²
Deficit angle: δ = 8πGμ
Topology: cone, not plane
Lensing: twin images
Δθ = 8πGμ·D_LS/D_S
Phase transition → π₁(G/H)≅ℤ
(fundamental group nontrivial)
Kibble mechanism 1976 · cosmic strings · topological defects · conical geometry · gravitational lensing