Extensive Air Shower

Primary cosmic ray strikes atmosphere at ~20 km, spawning hadronic & electromagnetic cascades. Muons reach ground. Heitler splitting model.

Primary Energy: 10¹⁵ eV

Primary:

Shower Statistics (Heitler Model)

Total Particles at Max

~10⁶

Shower Maximum X_max

~680 g/cm²

Muons at Ground

~10⁴

Electrons at Ground

~10⁵