Competitive Exclusion

Gause's principle: two species competing for a single limiting resource cannot coexist indefinitely

Lotka-Volterra Parameters

State

N₁ (purple)
N₂ (pink)
K₁/β vs K₂
K₂/α vs K₁
Coexistence requires each species to limit itself more than the other. When α·β > 1 with wrong isocline order, one species always wins.