Combustion Engine

A four-stroke internal combustion engine animated from first principles. The cross-section shows the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, intake and exhaust valves, and spark plug cycling through intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. The PV diagram traces pressure against volume in real time. Adjust RPM, compression ratio, and air-fuel mixture to see how they affect temperature, pressure, and the thermodynamic cycle.