Budyko-Sellers EBM
Solar constant S₀
1361
W/m²
CO₂ forcing ΔF
0.0
W/m²
Albedo (ice) αᵢ
0.60
Albedo (ocean) αₒ
0.30
Climate sensitivity λ
2.0
Run Hysteresis Loop
Reset
T: — K
Ice line: —
State: —
Budyko-Sellers 1D Energy Balance Model
C·dT/dt = S₀(1-α(T))/4 + ΔF − σT⁴·(1−0.6τ). Ice-albedo feedback creates hysteresis: warm and cold stable states coexist. Below S_crit → Snowball Earth. Above S_warm → ice-free. CO₂ forcing shifts the bifurcation.