Spontaneous coexistence of synchronized and desynchronized oscillators on a ring
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Chimera states (Kuramoto & Battogtokh 2002, named by Abrams & Strogatz 2004):
identical phase oscillators with nonlocal coupling spontaneously split into coexisting
synchronized and chaotic domains. The coupling kernel is G(x) = (1/2α)exp(-|x|/α)
and the phase lag β = π/2 - ε controls the transition.
Left: oscillators on ring (color = phase). Right: phase vs. position showing coherent/incoherent regions.