Chemical Garden

Silicate Osmotic Tube Growth Model
ΔP_osm = RT·Δc
J_water = L_p·(ΔP_osm−ΔP)
tube growth ∝ J_water
rupture: P > P_rupture
Chemical gardens grow when a metal salt crystal is placed in sodium silicate solution. Water flows in by osmosis, rupturing a precipitate membrane, and the metal-rich solution jets upward, forming hollow silicate tubes. The process is a natural self-organizing chemical reactor — a model for early life's mineral scaffolding (submarine hydrothermal vents).